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論西歐殖民擴張對世界地區聯系的影響
畢業論文
Abstract
After Columbus discovered America in 1492, Spain and Portugal first established a colony overseas. But during the end of sixteenth century and the beginning of seventeenth century, the Netherlands, France, and Britain engaged in the colonial expansion. They not only replaced the superior position of Spain and Portugal, but also fought for maritime overlord. At last Britain won the victory. The western countries’ colonial expansion was the colonialist’s plundering process. According to these countries’ plundering and wringing every ounce of sweat and blood out of the colonial people, the capitalism of western European countries was forging rapidly ahead. Therefore these countries’ expansion accelerated the arrival of Industrial Revolution. At the same time the great majority of eastern countries closed the country to international intercourse. They satisfied with their present situation and didn’t make progress. So the western countries’ superior position was established. And the eastern countries were fall behind them. During this period, the relationship among different regions all over the world became closer. The economic communication among these regions was reinforced. The global balance was changed. And the world’s political relationship had a basically change. The communication of global culture was also closer than before. All of these changes laid a foundation for people to establish a closer world.
Key words: colonial expansion；seven Years’ War； superior position； world regions’ connection； economic communication；global balance； global culture
摘 要
通過對英法7年戰爭（1756—1763）的分析，我們清楚的認識到英法爭奪殖民地戰爭的實質。殖民戰爭對世界的影響是巨大的。它給廣大殖民地人民帶來了巨大的災難和苦痛。18世紀中期，西方世界的優勢日趨形成，殖民擴張在客觀上加強了世界各地區之間的聯系。
首先，在經濟方面：① 殖民戰爭導致了人口的重新分布。如白人滲入南非，美洲人種的巨大變化等。② 殖民戰爭促進了世界動植物的交流。③ 密切了世界地區間的經濟聯系，出現了全球性的經濟關系。如“3角貿易”的繁榮。④ 國際分工的第1次大規模地實現。如美洲、東歐生產原料，非洲提供勞動力，亞洲提供奢侈品，而西歐指揮全球性的貿易集中工業生產。
其次，在政治方面：全球均勢發生了較大的變化，全球的政治關系發生了基本變化，西歐列強崛起。
再次，在文化方面：①殖民戰爭密切了新大陸與英國本土文化的關系。②使不同的文化對待西歐文化有了不同的態度。③加速了歐洲文化與中國文化的交流。
因此，文章通過對經濟、政治、文化等多方面的分析，認識到殖民戰爭在客觀上加強了世界地區間的聯系。這1觀點能使人們更加全面的認識殖民擴張的結果，有助于人們更加深刻、系統的認識殖民戰爭對世界各地區的重大影響。
關鍵詞：殖民擴張；7年戰爭；優勢地位；世界地區聯系；
經濟交流；世界均勢；全球文化
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