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2016年全國pets-2級語法基礎(chǔ)鞏固
形容詞和副詞的比較等級
比較等級分為原級、比較級和最高級。
1.原級用法
① 表示被比較雙方在某一方面相等或相同時, 用as + adj / adv + as結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“…和…一樣” 。如：
a. Xiao Li is as tall as his sister.
b. It is as cold today as it was yesterday.
c. There are as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
② 表示被比較雙方在某一方面不相等或不同時, 用not as / so + adj / adv + as, 表示“…和…不一樣”
a. Xiao Li is not as / so tall as his brother.
b. It is not so / as cold today as yesterday.
c. There are not so / as many seats in this hall as in that hall.
2.比較級的用法
① 對方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This picture is more beautiful than that one.
② 表示一方不及另一方時，用“less + 原級 + than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。如：
This room is less beautiful than that one.
③ 表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修飾。如：
He works even harder than before.
注意：英語的比較級前如無even、still或yet等時，譯成漢語時可用“較”或“…一些”或不譯出，一般不可有“更”。如：
She is better than she was yesterday.
Please come earlier tomorrow.
另注意：by far通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。如：
He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
④ 表示一方隨另一方的程度而變化時，用“the + 比較級(主語 + 謂語)，the + 比較級(主語 + 謂語)”的結(jié)構(gòu)(意為“越……越……”)。如：
The harder he works, the happier he feels.
⑤ 不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
⑥ 某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior(劣等的，次的)、superior(較好的，優(yōu)于……)、junior(資歷較淺的)、senior(資格較老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
⑦ 在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)，我們通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，而one只能代替可數(shù)名詞。
The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.
A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
⑧ 倍數(shù)表達法。
(A)A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
如：The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
(B)A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
(C)A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
如：Your school is three times bigger than ours.
用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double.
3.最高級的用法
①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時，用“the + 最高級”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。如：
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works(the)hardest in his class.
②最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語所修飾。如：
This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive hat cost?
③表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，沒有最高級，也不能用比較級。
④形容詞最高級修飾作表語或介詞賓語的名詞、代詞時，被修飾的詞往往省略。如：
He is the tallest(boy)in his class.
⑤作狀語的副詞最高級前可以不加定冠詞。如：
Of all the boys he came(the)earliest
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