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四級(jí)閱讀常見問題解析
在英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的閱讀題中，有兩個(gè)問題是需要我們特別注意的，那么到底是哪兩個(gè)問題呢?下面就和小編一起來看看吧!
一、重視閱讀理解中的細(xì)節(jié)性問題
關(guān)于細(xì)節(jié)性問題(Suppporting Details) 細(xì)節(jié)性問題是關(guān)于Supporting Details類的問題，通過Skimming找出主題后，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步掌握闡述和發(fā)展主題的主要事實(shí)，或按要求找出特定細(xì)節(jié)。 在回答此類問題時(shí)，應(yīng)采用查讀法(Scanning)，因?yàn)檫@些具體內(nèi)容(Details)是用來說明、論證或分析文章中心的。這類題目常以"WH-"形式來提問，如who， what， when， where， why及how等形式。這些問題的表達(dá)常不采用文章中的原話提問，而是使用同義詞語(yǔ)等，因此，在選擇答案前應(yīng)首先看準(zhǔn)題于，看清問題所問;
究竟;然后，在查讀時(shí)注意尋找與題目相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ);最后，在充分理解原文、原題的基礎(chǔ)上確定正確答案。
當(dāng)然，這類細(xì)節(jié)性問題所涉及的面是很廣的。有的涉及數(shù)字計(jì)算，如問時(shí)間、距離、次數(shù)、數(shù)量等，認(rèn)真計(jì)算后方可選定正確答案;有的涉及正誤判斷，要先看選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)提供的線索，尋視文中相應(yīng)部分，最后在題中選出肯定答案;還有的尋問事實(shí)、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。總之，做細(xì)節(jié)題切忌通過自己對(duì)某類知識(shí)的主觀了解和認(rèn)識(shí)做出想像判斷，一定要緊扣文章內(nèi)容，不可隨心所欲。
細(xì)節(jié)類問題的命題方式有以下幾種：
(1)Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?
(2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
(3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?
(4) The author mentions all of the following except . . .
(5) The reason for . . .is . . .
(6) The author states that . . .
(7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) ...
二、關(guān)于閱讀理解中的態(tài)度類問題
關(guān)于作者的態(tài)度類問題(Attitude)
閱讀理解的最后一題常常提問在作者對(duì)文章中某一問題的態(tài)度(Attitude)、全文的基調(diào)(Tone)、文章的出處(Source)及對(duì)文章前后接續(xù)內(nèi)容的判斷等。
關(guān)于態(tài)度或基調(diào)(Attitude/Tone)類題的回答應(yīng)從篇章的體裁著手，一般來說，在說明文中作者的態(tài)度是客觀的(objective)或中立的(neutral);而在議論文中，作者的觀點(diǎn)才會(huì)顯得多種多樣，常有的選項(xiàng)有：
(1) positive(積極的)
(2) negative(消極的)
(3) neutral(中立的)
(4) approval(贊成的)
(5) disapproval(不贊成的)
(6) indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的)
(7) sarcastic(諷刺的)
(8) critical(批評(píng)的)
(9) optimistic(樂觀的)
(10) pessimistic(悲觀的)
問題的幾種提問方式：
(1)What's the writer's attitude to …?
(2)What's the tone of the passage?
(3)The author's view is _______
(4)The writer's attitude of .this passage is apparently _________-
(5)The author suggests that _________
(6)According to author __________
有文章中，作者觀點(diǎn)明確，文章基調(diào)清楚，而有的文章中，作者僅僅暗示對(duì)某一問題的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)，需要閱讀時(shí)仔細(xì)琢磨。解答這類問題時(shí)，首先應(yīng)請(qǐng)注意篇章中起連接手段作用的那些詞語(yǔ);其次應(yīng)注意有些表明作者觀點(diǎn)詞匯，如形容詞、動(dòng)詞等。
對(duì)文章的出處及文章前后接續(xù)內(nèi)容判斷等可從全篇著手，從個(gè)別句子或詞匯找線索進(jìn)行判斷。
Example :
I am not so na?ve ,however ,as to believe that sex is responsible for this unfortunate situation of the American woman. I am not a feminist , but I am an individualist. I do not believe there is any important difference between men and women. certainly not as much as there may be between one woman and another or one man and an-other. There are plenty of women and men, for that matter who would be completely fulfilled in being allowed to be as lazy as possible. If someone will ensconce them in a pleasant home and pay their bills, they ask no more of life. It is quite all right for these men and women to live thus so long as fools can be found who will pay so much for nothing much in return. Gigolos , male and female, are to be found in every class and in the best of homes. But when a man does not want to be a gigolo, he has the freedom to go out and work and create as well as he can. But a woman has not. Even if her individual husband lets her, tradition in society is against her. In this passage the author looks on the situation of women with an attitude of .
A) amusement
B) indifference
C) disapproval
D) condemnation
此篇文章中，作者對(duì)待這一問題的態(tài)度十分明確、強(qiáng)硬(如用語(yǔ)I am not …等等)，因此只參在選項(xiàng)C)和D)中選擇。而從文章中的“gigolos”,‘fools’等詞可看出作者不僅不贊成而且態(tài)度更甚。所以，選項(xiàng)C)程度還不夠，這一題的正確答案是D).
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