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2017年專升本英語(yǔ)九類�？紕�(dòng)詞
對(duì)于英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)，動(dòng)詞是最難學(xué)的一個(gè)實(shí)詞類別�？v觀歷屆考試命題，有關(guān)動(dòng)詞的內(nèi)容占的比例相當(dāng)大，它常常與時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)境交際等諸方面揉合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行綜合測(cè)試。通過(guò)研悟高考試題，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)�？嫉目扇牲c(diǎn)的高考英語(yǔ)“主打”動(dòng)詞有以下一些：
一. 表示“使/讓······”概念的動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：have, let, make, get, keep, drive, send, leave, force, cause等.它們后邊分別可跟不定式，分詞，形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，名詞等作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
例如：I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising. 勝利使得我們情緒高漲。
二. 不定式做賓補(bǔ)，不定式符號(hào)可以省略的動(dòng)詞
常見(jiàn)的有: see, watch, hear, observe, feel, notice, listen to, look at等感官動(dòng)詞及表示使役概念的have, let, make等。這類詞在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其后不定式符號(hào) to常補(bǔ)出。
例如：We are made to work far into the night. 我們被迫干活到深夜。注：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，watch，have，let一般不變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： The boy was watched to come out。(誤)
三. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，其后內(nèi)容省略而只保留不定式符號(hào)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：
refuse, want, intend, oblige, mean, expect,tell, hope, like, love, plan, try, prefer, wish等。
例如：-----Why did you cause the baby cry?
-----I didn't mean to.
四. 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用：should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略，常見(jiàn)的有：order, demend, suggest, insist, require, advise, decide, propose等。
例如：He ordered that we should do it at once. 他要求我們立即完成這項(xiàng)工作。
He advised we should do more speaking practice in order to improve our English. 他建議我們要想提高英語(yǔ)水平應(yīng)練習(xí)說(shuō)。
五. 形式主動(dòng)、意義被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞
常見(jiàn)的有：work, open, close, write, cut, look, teach, operate, run, keep, burn, last等。此類詞的主語(yǔ)常為物。而且還常與表示特征、狀況、行為、方式的副詞well, easily, long等連用。
例如：The clothing sells well.
This kind of fruit can keep long.
六. 充當(dāng)系動(dòng)詞的行為動(dòng)詞
這類動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組，其后須帶有表語(yǔ)(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)，不定式，V-ing，V-ed)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常見(jiàn)的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。
例如：It sounded like a train that was going under my house. 聽(tīng)起來(lái)，象有火車(chē)在樓下飛馳而過(guò)。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well. 身體好，學(xué)習(xí)好，工作好。
七. 只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有: appreciate, advise, suggest, finish, consider, enjoy, imagine, mind, miss, practise, keep, delay, risk, excuse, resist, avoid, escape, admit, forgive, permit, require, prevent, pardon, allow等。
例如：I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education. 我非常欽佩她獻(xiàn)身教育的精神。
Do you mind my asking a question? 我問(wèn)你一個(gè)問(wèn)題你不介意吧?
八. 既可接現(xiàn)在分詞又可接過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞
此類動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：get, keep, have, leave, find, see, notice, hear等。
例如：He had the lights burning all night long.
Yesday Xiao Ming had his hair cut, I hardly recognized him.
九. 構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)的“短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”
此類動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)中數(shù)量較大。如：act as 充當(dāng), beleve in 相信, come across 遇見(jiàn), deal with 處理, engage in 從事, blead to 導(dǎo)致, refer to 提到, send for 派人前往, cut in 插嘴, die out 滅絕, set off 出發(fā), warm up 暖和起來(lái), make fun of 取笑, make friends with與······交朋友, set fire on 點(diǎn)火, date back to 追溯到, get along with 與······相處, look forward to 期望, run out of 用光, do away with 廢除。
例如：We must look into the matter immediately.
我們必須馬上調(diào)查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with the times.
老年人應(yīng)向青年人學(xué)習(xí)，跟上時(shí)代發(fā)展的步伐。
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