《指鹿為馬》
In Qin dynasty, there was a powerful and evil counselor named Zhao Gao。在秦朝，有個(gè)很得勢(shì)的奸臣叫趙高。
Zhao Gao wanted to rebel, but he didn't know how many people in the court would stand by his side。趙高想造反，但是又不知道群臣中有多少人會(huì)支持他。
So he worked out a way to test the people。于是他想了個(gè)辦法來測(cè)試。
He presented a deer as a tribute to the emperor in front of the court, and said that it was a swift horse。他在群臣面前送了一頭鹿給皇上，并說這是一匹千里馬。
The emperor not accepting his statement said, "This is obviously a deer."皇上不信，說“這明明是鹿啊。”
Then, Zhao Gao took this opportunity to ask the court, "Is this a deer or a horse?"然后趙高借機(jī)問各位大臣，“這是鹿還是馬?”
In the court, those who didn't dare to go against Zhao Gao agreed with him and said that it was a horse, those who dared to go against Zhao Gao said that it was a deer。在大臣中，不敢反抗趙高的都贊同說是馬，敢于反對(duì)趙高的說是鹿。
Later, Zhao Gao remembered the counselors who didn't agree with him and persecuted them to solidify his power。后來，趙高記住了這些反對(duì)他的人并加以迫害，以鞏固自己的勢(shì)力。
This story is still popular even today. People use this idiom to describe someone who calls white black。這個(gè)故事流傳至今，人們用這個(gè)成語來形容一個(gè)人顛倒黑白。
【文化鏈接】
英語中表達(dá)“指鹿為馬”意思的短語可以用“call black white (and white black)”，意思也就是“把黑的當(dāng)白的，把白的當(dāng)作黑的”，這樣也就是顛倒是非啦~
《山羊與牧羊人》
A GOATHERD had sought to bring back a stray goat to his flock. He whistled and sounded his horn in vain; the straggler paid no attention to the summons. At last the Goatherd threw a stone， and breaking its horn， begged the Goat not to tell his master. The Goat replied， "Why， you silly fellow， the horn will speak though I be silent." Do not attempt to hide things which cannot be hid. 【譯文】 很多山羊被牧羊人趕到羊圈里。有一只山羊不知在吃什么好東西，單獨(dú)落在后面。牧羊人拿起一塊石頭扔了過去，正巧打斷了山羊的一只角。牧羊人嚇得請(qǐng)求山羊不要告訴主人，山羊說：“即使我不說，又怎能隱瞞下去呢?我的角已斷了，這是十分明顯的事實(shí)。” 這故事說明，明顯的罪狀是無法隱瞞的。
英語小知識(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。
2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。
3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1. be動(dòng)詞：主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一個(gè)男孩。
注意：(我用am，你用are，三單is，復(fù)數(shù)are。)
行為動(dòng)詞：
主語+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)
如：We study English.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。
注意：(當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。)