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雅思大作文寫(xiě)作低分原因大揭秘
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：讓步段已經(jīng)儼然成為了目前五段式大作文的常用段落發(fā)展方式，希望以下的討論對(duì)大家在寫(xiě)讓步段時(shí)有所啟迪。
一、 五段式中用于第三個(gè)主體段
在五段式的大作文中，三個(gè)主體段一般都是以“單邊”的方式，“一邊倒”的支持某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。而若將最后一個(gè)主體段寫(xiě)成讓步段，不僅可以照顧到反方的論點(diǎn)，而且更有利于進(jìn)一步支持和強(qiáng)化本段的觀點(diǎn)，從而起到強(qiáng)化論述的效果：
Obviously， not every celebrity is generous. Some， I am sure， keep all their money for themselves. But there are people like Bill Gates who are well known for making donations， attending charitable functions and taking part in a range of activities that support people less fortunate than themselves。
在寫(xiě)讓步段的時(shí)候，我們必須要使用表“轉(zhuǎn)折”的連詞，常用的有but， however， nevertheless， nonetheless等。有時(shí)候我們還可以使用讓步狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步段，涉及的連詞有：despite， in spite of， although， though， even though， even if等。在上面這個(gè)例子中，我們看到作者用了2個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)描寫(xiě)反面的觀點(diǎn)，對(duì)于用來(lái)描寫(xiě)反面觀點(diǎn)的句子，建議一般以1—3句話(huà)為宜，而轉(zhuǎn)折后的句子，通常在長(zhǎng)度上要超過(guò)前面的句子。下面我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)讓步段：
題目：Very few school children learn about the value of money and how to look after it， yet this is a critical life skill that should be taught as part of the school curriculum. Do you agree with this statement?
It is possibly true that schools could try to make children understand the importance of all these areas， but children are young and cannot look into the future or predict the skills that they will need。
上面這個(gè)讓步段非常簡(jiǎn)潔，請(qǐng)注意作者使用的句型：“It is possibly true that.……”，這是我們?cè)谧尣蕉卫锝?jīng)常用來(lái)開(kāi)頭的.句型。下面我們?cè)賮?lái)看看如何用讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步段：
Although watching TV or playing computer games do enrich children‘s spare time and broaden their horizon to some extent， a sedentary lifestyle reduces healthy outdoor activities and will have long-term medical consequences for children. An increasing number of children suffer from obesity and near-sightedness as a result of spending too much time in front of a flashing screen。
在這個(gè)段落中，作者使用了讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在繼續(xù)論述“久坐”的生活方式對(duì)孩子健康方面的弊端前，先說(shuō)了一下它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，進(jìn)而反駁，從而起到了鮮明的對(duì)比反差效果，突出了這種生活方式對(duì)孩子健康造成的巨大傷害。請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)網(wǎng)站/
二、五段式每段都用讓步段
這種寫(xiě)法屬于非主流寫(xiě)法，需要考生具備一定的寫(xiě)作功底，對(duì)論點(diǎn)的把握火候得當(dāng)。這種寫(xiě)法類(lèi)似于新托福中綜合寫(xiě)作里質(zhì)疑論據(jù)合理性的寫(xiě)法。對(duì)于志在高分的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)可以嘗試一下，下面我們就來(lái)看一個(gè)例子：
Those against the use of animal testing claim that it is inhumane to use animal in experiments. I disagree completely. It would be much more inhumane to test new drugs on children or adults. Even if it were possible， it would also take much longer to see potential effects， because of the length of time we live compared to laboratory animals such as rats or rabbits。
Opponents of animal testing also claim that the results are not applicable to humans. This may be partly true. Some drugs have had to be withdrawn， despite testing. However， we simply do not have alternative methods of testing. Computer models are not advanced enough， and testing on plants is much less applicable to humans than tests on animals such as monkeys. Until we have a better system， we must use animal testing。
A further point often raised against animal testing is that it is cruel. Some of the tests certainly seem painful， but the great majority of people on this planet eat meat or wear leather without any guilt. Where is their sympathy for animals? Furthermore， animals clearly do not feel the same way as humans， and scientists are careful to minimize stress in the animals， since this would damage their research。
這篇作文是關(guān)于是否應(yīng)該拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的話(huà)題。作者是支持繼續(xù)拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的，在他的每個(gè)主體段中，他都是先講了反對(duì)者的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，然后再反駁。請(qǐng)密切關(guān)注下作者在每個(gè)主體段首句中使用的句型：“Those against.…… claim that.……”：“Opponents of .…… also claim that.……”：“A further point often raised against .…… is that.……”。前2句為賓語(yǔ)從句，最后一句為表語(yǔ)從句。從主語(yǔ)的選擇上作者也花了心思，分別在第一句和第二句使用了不同單詞組合，但是意思是一致的。因此建議大家不妨在一開(kāi)始寫(xiě)主體段首句的時(shí)候先模仿他的`這種寫(xiě)法。接下來(lái)我們?cè)賮?lái)看看次句的句型：“I disagree completely”：“This may be partly true”：“Some of the .……， but.……”。這三組句型同樣做到了抑揚(yáng)頓挫，第一個(gè)句子語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，而后二個(gè)句子語(yǔ)氣明顯遞減。對(duì)于這種安排，筆者認(rèn)為并非一定要按照他的模式，這取決于你在三個(gè)段落中的觀點(diǎn)的排列，但是一般來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的或者最重要的那個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，要么放在第一段寫(xiě)，要么放到最后一段里寫(xiě)。筆者推薦將最重要的觀點(diǎn)放在第一個(gè)主體段里論述。
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